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The importance of defensive driving

Driving errors are common – we’re all human, after all. That’s why defensive driving is crucial for the safety of everyone on the road. Driving defensively means more than just avoiding risks, though; it also contributes to cost savings on car repairs and fuel, while promoting a smoother and more enjoyable driving experience. By maintaining a steady speed and avoiding rapid acceleration and hard braking, you can reduce fuel consumption and avoid violation charges and fines.

Defensive driving techniques

Understanding the meaning of defensive driving involves implementing a series of practical strategies:

Maintain a three-second gap

Give yourself and drivers around you plenty of time and space. This means keeping at least a three-second gap when following another vehicle. Don’t tailgate other vehicles, as this will reduces the time and space you have to react to any sudden changes in their driving patterns. This reduces the likelihood of endangering yourself and those around you.

Look further ahead

To anticipate hazards, like unexpected pedestrians and debris, look 15 seconds ahead, as this gives you more time to react. Aim to always scan your mirrors and look beyond the vehicle in front as this will help you to be aware of possible hazards, before it is too late.

Signal intentions clearly

Help other drivers be aware of your intentions by signalling early and clearly, only changing lanes when it’s safe. For example, if you plan to change lanes on a busy highway, activate your turn signal well in advance. This allows other drivers to anticipate your move, reducing confusion and the risk of accidents.

Continuous awareness and hazard anticipation

Regularly check your mirrors and stay alert to what's happening around you. This helps you spot potential risks early and avoid collisions.

For example, imagine a situation where another vehicle has run into the rear of your car as you braked. Even though they hit you, in some instances that accident could have been avoided if you’d left more space between you and the vehicle in front. You could have slowed down more slowly so they had more time to react, or you could have had the option to move forward or pull out of the way entirely, avoiding the speeding car behind you.

As well as being mindful of the other drivers and road users around you, be aware of your surroundings. Generally, where there are more signs, more painted road markings or more streetlights, it means there are more dangers for you and those around you.

Safe driving tips

• Keep up to date with the latest traffic laws and rules of the road. This will keep you prepared to make safe driving decisions.
• Do not drive if you are feeling tired or emotional. Avoid driving if you’re feeling tired, angry or upset as this could affect your judgement and lead to mistakes. Consider alternatives like taking a taxi, using a ride-sharing app or asking a friend for a lift.
• Keep a safe distance. Always maintain a three-second gap when following other vehicles to allow for unexpected stops or changes.
• Monitor your speed. Driving significantly below the speed limit can be hazardous for those who may not notice your pace as they come up behind you.
• Signal clearly. Make sure other road users are aware of your intentions – signal early and clearly to prevent confusion. Always use your indicators for lane changes, merges, and turns.
• Eliminate distractions. Turn off your mobile phone and avoid loud music or eating and drinking to stay focused.
• Minimise unnecessary lane changes. When possible, stick to your lane to maintain a smooth traffic flow and reduce accident risks.
• Ensure you have plenty of time to make your journey. Check the traffic before you leave, to plan your route accordingly and avoid rushing, which easily leads to careless errors.
• Adapt to weather conditions. Take extra precautions and change your driving based on road and weather conditions. For example, when driving in rain or snow, reduce your speed to increase traction and make sure you’re using your headlights for better visibility.

Defensive driving courses

There are various defensive driving courses available. However, for many drivers, the key defensive driving habits can simply be learnt by acting more proactively and maintaining focus at all times. This allows you to anticipate and avoid hazards effectively.